Hurricane Michael project
Monochamous titillator, a common Cerambycid species in the southeastern U.S.
Hurricane Michael made landfall on Oct. 10, 2018 in Florida and became a multi-state storm with major impacts across the southeastern U.S. In GA and FL, it damaged ~7 million acres of forest, including a million acres of pine forest. In 2019 - 2020, members of the Forest Entomology Lab and their collaborators set up insect survey sites in loblolly and slash pine forests with light (<25% damage), moderate (25-75%), and severe (<75%) damage categories. Funnel traps were used to trap phytophagous insects and their associates to determine whether 1) these forest pests will increase in number in wind-disturbed stands, and 2) they will attack adjacent undamaged stands.
In this system, I characterize and quantify community composition of wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae and Buprestidae). Wood-boring beetles (e.g. Longhorned beetles and jewel beetles) play important roles in forest succession, wood decomposition, and pollination, and are a food source for many species of birds and mammals. Most wood-boring beetles pose little economic threat to human activities, but several species, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), the southern pine sawyer (Monocamous spp.), and the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), can severely disrupt natural forest ecosystems and impair ecosystem services. Following a major disturbance event and/or epidemic outbreaks of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Cerambycids and Buprestids can exacerbate tree mortality and further decrease plantation wood quality.
In this system, I characterize and quantify community composition of wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae and Buprestidae). Wood-boring beetles (e.g. Longhorned beetles and jewel beetles) play important roles in forest succession, wood decomposition, and pollination, and are a food source for many species of birds and mammals. Most wood-boring beetles pose little economic threat to human activities, but several species, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), the southern pine sawyer (Monocamous spp.), and the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), can severely disrupt natural forest ecosystems and impair ecosystem services. Following a major disturbance event and/or epidemic outbreaks of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Cerambycids and Buprestids can exacerbate tree mortality and further decrease plantation wood quality.
Comparisons of seed dispersal effectiveness in Trillium congeners
Ants dispersing seeds of Trillium catesbaei Elliot. 2016.
In flowering plants, rarity may be associated with dispersal syndromes. To test this hypothesis, I compared seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) for co-occurring endemic and common congeners of Trillium, perennial understory herbs found throughout deciduous forests of the southeastern US.
Trilliums are myrmecochores (their seeds are dispersed by leaf litter ants), so I quantified metrics of ant-mediated seed dispersal observed in the field and measured in the laboratory to determine if aspects of SDE differed for endemic-common Trillium species pairs. This work was published in The American Journal of Botany (2018).
Trilliums are myrmecochores (their seeds are dispersed by leaf litter ants), so I quantified metrics of ant-mediated seed dispersal observed in the field and measured in the laboratory to determine if aspects of SDE differed for endemic-common Trillium species pairs. This work was published in The American Journal of Botany (2018).
Seed chemistry and disperser preference
An A. picea worker disperses a seed. 2016.
In ants, preference for food items can be detected through "cafeteria" experiments where two items are offered simultaneously. In myrmecochorous ants (those that disperse seeds), preference is likely shaped by physical and/or chemical attributes of seeds, including weight, length, width, or the ratio of elaiosome (a seed-coat derived appendage) to seed. Chemical cues, particularly oleyl-containing compounds, stimulate ants to carry food items to nests and have been shown to explain ant preference for myrmecochore seeds of low nutritional value. However, nutritional quality likely also impacts ant preference.
To test whether ants display a preference for endemic or widespread Trillium congeners, I performed cafeteria experiments using captive ant colonies. To parse out the underlying mechanisms driving preferences, I used gas- and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry to characterize seed chemical profiles. This research was published in Ecology & Evolution (2020).
To test whether ants display a preference for endemic or widespread Trillium congeners, I performed cafeteria experiments using captive ant colonies. To parse out the underlying mechanisms driving preferences, I used gas- and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry to characterize seed chemical profiles. This research was published in Ecology & Evolution (2020).
Ecological niche Modeling (enm)
Maps illustrating the potentially suitable area predicted by ENM (pink) for a. T. erectum, and b. T. discolor, two species of Trillium native to eastern North America. Areas in green represent the overlap between the known range (delineated with a polygon) and the potentially suitable area: i.e. the realized niche.
Using a combination of ENM and generalized linear models, I tested whether reproductive life history traits relating to biotic factors and seed dispersal explain differences in the mismatch between the fundamental and realized niche for 21 species of Trillium in eastern North America. This work is currently in review.
ENM is a means of approximating the fundamental niche by statistically relating values of climate and remote sensing variables across a species' known range to a larger spatial extent. By comparing the proportional occupancy of the potentially suitable area predicted by ENM, we can draw conclusions about the realized vs. fundamental niche, and whether a species' geographic distribution is informed primarily by abiotic factors, or by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors.
ENM is a means of approximating the fundamental niche by statistically relating values of climate and remote sensing variables across a species' known range to a larger spatial extent. By comparing the proportional occupancy of the potentially suitable area predicted by ENM, we can draw conclusions about the realized vs. fundamental niche, and whether a species' geographic distribution is informed primarily by abiotic factors, or by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors.
